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31.
32.
试验了烧碱法草浆黑液中,钠在厌氧过程中的抑制特性。研究表明,钠盐抑制作用强度为:氯化钠>木素钠>硫酸钠>硅酸钠。相对产甲烷率PM(I)和钠浓度I的关系,可用PM(I)=[1+(I/Ki)^a]^-1拟合,污泥经过驯化,对钠的耐受能力可提高。 相似文献
33.
水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇(PEG)链,键合到硅胶上,再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上,制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂,在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯,当反应温度80℃左右,n(Pd):n(Cu)=2:1,反应介质pH值11.7左右时,具有较高的催化脱卤活性,催化剂不但易于制备,便于分离,且具有良好的重复使用性能,经重复使用六次,转化率仍在70%以上。 相似文献
34.
Ross C. Beier Michael E. Hume Robin C. Anderson Christy E. Oliver Todd R. Callaway Thomas S. Edrington 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):717-726
Salmonella and Escherichia coli are two bacteria that are important causes of human and animal disease worldwide. Chlorate is converted in the cell to chlorite, which is lethal to these bacteria. An HPLC procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of chlorate (ClO3 ?), nitrate (NO3 ?), and nitrite (NO2 ?) ions in bovine ruminal fluid samples. Standard curves for chlorite, nitrite, nitrate, and chlorate were well defined linear curves with R2 values of 0.99846, 0.99106, 0.99854, and 0.99138, respectively. Concentrations of chlorite could not be accurately determined in bovine ruminal fluid because chlorite reacts with or binds a component(s) or is reduced to chloride in bovine ruminal fluid resulting in low chlorite measurements. A standard curve ranging from 25 to 150 ppm ClO3 ? ion was used to measure chlorate fortified into ruminal fluid. The concentration of chlorate was more rapidly lowered (P < 0.01) under anaerobic compared to aerobic incubation conditions. Chlorate alone or chlorate supplemented with the reductants sodium lactate or glycerol were bactericidal in anaerobic incubations. In anaerobic culture, the addition of sodium formate to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid appeared to decrease chlorate concentrations; however, formate also appeared to moderate the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli. Addition of the reductants, glycerol or lactate, to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid did not increase the killing of E. coli at 24 h, but may be useful when the reducing equivalents are limiting as in waste holding reservoirs or composting systems required for intense animal production. 相似文献
35.
Advanced reburning (AR) is effective for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction, which integrates the basic reburning (BR) with the injection of nitrogen agents and additive compounds. The basic reburning of poplar, cornstalk, wheat-straw and peanut shell, is studied on a boiler simulator facility (BSF). The influence of operating parameters and the synergistic effect of the injection of ammonia, urea or/and sodium carbonate on NOx reduction are investigated. The results show that an efficiency of 54–67% NOx reduction could be achieved during the basic reburning process under the optimum operating conditions and the efficiency would be increased if nitrogen agent is injected with the over-fire air or into the burnout zone. Further, co-injection of sodium carbonate with the nitrogen agent could make the NOx reduction process more thorough. On the whole, 85–92% NOx reduction could be achieved during the advanced reburning process with a reburning fuel heat input of 15–20%. 相似文献
36.
Sodium 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol (STCP) is a necessary precursor compound for the production of chlorpyrifos and triclopyr, which are extensively used as pesticide and herbicide, respectively. In the process of STCP production, however, large amount of wastewater containing STCP is discharged, which causes increasingly environmental concerns. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a rapid and effective method for the disposal of containing STCP contaminants. In this work, the thermal decomposition of STCP in sub- and supercritical water was investigated using a continuous tubular reactor. While STCP was stable below 280 °C, it could be effectively decomposed at elevated temperature. FT-IR spectra of the decomposition products indicated that the pyridine ring structure in the STCP molecule was stable even at temperatures up to 400 °C. The decomposition reaction was mainly caused by the substitution of Cl groups in the STCP molecule with OH groups, resulting in polyhydroxylated pyridines as the major decomposition product. Moreover, high pressure favored the substitution reaction. To completely decompose STCP into non-toxic or low toxic compounds, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was employed to evaluate the oxidation of STCP using H2O2 as an oxidant. It was found that STCP could be completely oxidized to H2O, CO2 and corresponding inorganic ammonium salts with an oxidation rate of 99%. 相似文献
37.
在氢氧化钠介质中,基于甲基紫与十二烷基磺酸钠的显色反应,建立了甲基紫光度法测定水中十二烷基磺酸钠的方法,确定了最佳试验条件,试验了共存离子的影响。方法在0mg/L-48mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.190mg/L,应用于模拟水样和环境水样中十二烷基磺酸钠的测定,结果与国标方法亚甲蓝法相吻合。 相似文献
38.
da Costa Machado Matos Carvalho IM Cavalcante AA Dantas AF Pereira DL Rocha FC Oliveira FM Da Silva J 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):1056-1061
Sodium metabisulfite is used in marine shrimp harvesting to prevent the occurrence of black spots. Shrimps are soaked in a sodium metabisulfite solution in ice, which is disposed of in sewages that run into marine canals, creating an environmental hazard. This study evaluates the toxicity and mutagenicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea waters and sediments collected in a shrimp farm in Cajueiro da Praia (Luis Correia), state of Piauí, Brazil, using the Allium cepa assay. Water and sediment samples were collected in the dry and in the rainy seasons, in three sites: upstream the shrimp farm (Site 1), at the point sodium metabisulfite is discharged (Site 2), and 100 m downstream the farm (Site 3). Three sample dilutions were used (50%, 25% and 10%) for all samples. A negative control (well water) and a positive control (copper sulfate 0.0006 mg mL−1) were used in each experiment. At the end of the 72-h exposure period, onion roots were measured and removed. Mutagenicity analysis included the determination of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the detection of micronuclei; analysis of root size and mitotic index were used as an index of toxicity. The A. cepa assay revealed that the water and sediments samples collected in the Piauí coast contaminated with sodium metabisulfite induce toxicity. The results demonstrate that the assay may be used as a regular tool in the analysis of water parameters in shrimp farms in the coast of Piauí state, and in strategies to preserve the region’s marine ecosystem. 相似文献
39.
讨论以硫酸铝废渣经水洗,碱萃取生产硅酸钠的最佳工艺条件,所得硅酸钠产品,符合国家规定.本生产工艺不仅解决了环保问题,还综合利用了资源,具有可观的经济效益. 相似文献
40.
用0.1%硝酸溶液配制混合标准溶液,不加抗干扰试剂,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定酸雨中K、Na、Ca、Mg,方法精密度、准确度满足酸雨监测的分析要求。 相似文献